Response to
RTB's position on "Animal death before the flood"
This article
resulted from a discussion about animal death before the flood as set forth by
Fuz Rana in a debate held in 2006 at First Evangelical Free Church of Fullerton
on April 29th. The debate was with Dr. Larry Vardiman of ICR and Dr. Jason
Lisle, of AIG. Dr. Vardiman characterized Dr. Rana as
holding that "animals are not really alive according to the Biblical definition
of life".
This is a verbatim transcript of the section of Dr. Rana's talk regarding animal
death. My comments follow it. All emphasis is mine.
As I mentioned in the
beginning of my talk, I don't think the age of the earth is the issue
here. I think what the issue here is the implications of an
old earth and that is mainly animal death before the fall.
And this is what the late Henry Morris said, and this could be, and there
are a number of places you see these types of statements in the young earth
literature: "It is nothing short of blasphemy to attribute to
the omnipotent and omniscient God of love and grace, the horrific, purposeless,
waste-filled and age-long death of billions of living things prior to the
rebellion of Adam." I don't know that I necessarily explain
what Henry Morris means here. I think it's pretty clear: that
to take an old earth position, at the end of the day, is blasphemous, because
you are impuning the nature of God. You are saying that God
is responsible for animal death, and how could God, as all powerful, all loving
God be responsible for animal death, and that animal death is a result of Adam
and Eve's rebellion. This is a serious charge and I'm
going to address this from an old earth perspective. But
before I do that, I want to first of all lay out what the old earth position is,
to be very clear how the old earth regards death before the fall.
First of all, there was no animal death before the fall.
The old earth position argues...sorry, that that there was no human death
before the fall. The old earth position argues that there was
animal death only, that humans died both spiritually and physically at the time
of the fall. In the Garden of Eden, God tells Adam "You can
eat of any tree in the Garden that you want to, but the day that you eat of the
tree of the knowledge of good and evil, that is the day you surely will
die." Well Adam and Eve ate from the forbidden
fruit. They did die. They died on that day, but that death
was spiritual first and foremost. They were alienated from
God, and that set in motion events that led ultimately to the physical death of
humanity, in my particular view...from my own personal perspective.
But the whole point here is the emphasis is on spiritual death and
alienation and secondarily is (on) human physical death. Now, with regard to
this position, there is a very clear understanding from an old earth
perspective, that animals are not humans. That Genesis
1:26-27 says very clearly that humans beings are made in the image of
God, and this is a unique characteristic that human beings possess: that
none of the other creatures, none of the other animals are made in the image of
God. And it's because we're in the image of God that we have this relationship
with God, it's because we're made in the image of God that we can serve as God's
stewards, and God's viceroys on the planet. Genesis 2:7,19
teach again the same idea, Adam is created from the dust of the earth, and
God animates him with the divine breath. The beast of the
field and the birds of the air, too, are also created from the dust of the
earth, but they are not animated with the divine breath. Now is this an
intentional omission? I think so, and I think that omission
is telling us something very important: that we're made physically out of the
same materials as animals, but that we're unique in that we possess the divine
breath, that We're made in the image of God. Genesis 9, I
think, drives this point home very powerfully: that being made in the image of
God is significant and the passage here is telling, is comparing humans and
animals. You can kill animals, you can eat their flesh, but
if you kill a human being, this is a great affront to God, and your life will be
demanded of you, Why?, because humans are made in the image of
God. Here it's teaching very clearly a distinct
difference between human death and animal death. So from an
old earth perspective, animal death before the fall is not the same,
qualitatively, as human death. These types of death are
very different because of the fact that humans, uniquely, are made in the image
of God.
Dr. Rana confuses the "image of God" with "divine
breath". He attempts to make a connection between the two which does not
exist. In fact, after you see the difference, you will see that the entire
discussion of the "image of God" is irrelevant to the question about animal
death. Since animals obviously die, and RTB holds that they died before
the fall, the real question is whether they are alive in the same way that
humans are alive, in order to die in the same way that humans die. When
Rana says "animal death before the fall is not the same, qualitatively, as human
death", he is then saying that animals are not alive in the same way that humans
are alive. Rana basis this on the assumption that animals do not have
"divine breath". It is a common belief, but it is wrong. If you look
at Psalms 104:29 you will find that is says this about the animals (the numbers
in the verses are the Strong's Concordance cross references to the Hebrew and
Greek dictionary):
Thou hidest5641 thy face,6440 they are
troubled:926 thou takest away622 their breath,7307 they die,1478 and return7725
to413 their dust.6083
Notice that "breath", Strong's 7307, is
Ruach. This is the same word found in Genesis 1:2:
And the
Spirit7307 of God430 moved7363 upon5921 the face6440 of the waters.4325
Ruach is used in this way throughout the O.T. We see from this
that animals have spirits (divine breath) the same as humans do. This
should not come as a surprise, as animals have a mind, will, and emotion, just
as we do. The difference is that humans have a spirit created in the
"image of God" which animals don't have. Dr. Rana assumes that since they
don't have a spirit created in the image of God that they have no spirit at all,
but this is not true. Animals _are_ animated by the Divine breath, in
spite of what Dr. Rana prefers to believe. See for example the account of
the Flood:
Gen 6:17 And, behold,2009 I, even I,589 do bring935
(853) a flood3999 of waters4325 upon5921 the earth,776 to destroy7843 all3605
flesh,1320 wherein834 is the breath7307 of life,2416 from under4480, 8478
heaven;8064 and every thing3605 that834 is in the earth776 shall die.1478
Notice that God includes both animals and humans in the group He calls
"all flesh, wherein is the breath (ruach) of life". God here is saying
that all flesh that breaths air will die, irrespective of whether they are
animal or human.
In order to head off an objection in advance, I
will point out that in Genesis 2:7, a different word for breath is used when
describing how man was created:
Gen 2:7 And the LORD3068 God430
formed3335 (853) man120 of the dust6083 of4480 the ground,127 and breathed5301
into his nostrils639 the breath5397 of life;2416 and man120 became1961 a
living2416 soul.5315
the word for "breath" is 5397, which Strongs
defines as:
nesha^ma^h
nesh-aw-maw'
>From H5395; a puff, that
is, wind, angry or vital breath, divine inspiration, intellect or (concretely)
an animal: - blast, (that) breath (-eth), inspiration, soul, spirit.
Both
ruach and neshamah are used for breath. In fact, in Genesis 7:21-22,
both words are used together for the word
translated "breath":
Gen 7:21 And
all3605 flesh1320 died1478 that moved7430 upon5921 the earth,776 both of
fowl,5775 and of cattle,929 and of beast,2416 and of every3605 creeping
thing8318 that creepeth8317 upon5921 the earth,776 and every3605 man:120
Gen
7:22 All3605 in whose nostrils639 was the breath5397, 7307 of life,2416 of
all4480, 3605 that834 was in the dry2724 land, died.4191
One more
comparison before I close. Please look at the use of the word "life" in
Genesis 9:4:
Gen 9:4 But389 flesh1320 with the life5315 thereof,
which is the blood1818 thereof, shall ye not3808 eat.398
This is the
well known verse prohibiting eating of blood of animals. The word for
"life" is 5315, which is nephesh. The
Strongs definition for nephesh is:
"From H5314; properly a breathing
creature, that is, animal" This is the same word
we just saw used in Genesis 2:7:
Gen 2:7 And the LORD3068 God430
formed3335 (853) man120 of the dust6083 of4480 the ground,127 and breathed5301
into his nostrils639 the breath5397 of life;2416 and man120 became1961 a
living2416 soul.5315
The KJV here translates nephesh as "soul" when
talking about man, but it's the same word used in Gen 9:4 for animals.
Since the Bible describes animal creation and life before and after the
fall as "qualitatively" the same as humans, I must conclude that animal death
before and after the fall is the same, qualitatively, as human death before and
after the fall. Dr. Rana is therefore mistaken to say that "animal death
before the fall is not the same, qualitatively, as human death", and I find no
problem with Dr. Vardiman's characterization of Dr. Rana as holding that
"animals are not really alive according to the Biblical definition of life".
Animals are alive in the same way that humans are, die in the same way we die,
and therefore could not have been dying for billions of years before Adam's sin
unless the Bible is in error. The fossil record is therefore a record laid
down after the fall, during Noah's flood, just as the Bible says.